ENGINEERING SOLUZIONS

BASICS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:-

In every Construction work every individual should know how we can successfully accomplish construction work in scheduled manner along with quality standards therefore this article will give you an idea that you need to follow before any site mobilization.

Following are the major steps involved in Building construction:-

1. PRE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS:-

· Selection of site:-

· Technical Guidance:-

· Planning and Design:-

· Cost analysis and Quantity Estimation:-

· Fixing a Budget:-

· Approval of drawing and NOC from local Authority:-

· Selection of contractor:-

2. DURING CONSTRUCTION PROCESS:-

SUB STRUCTURE PORTION:-

· Site Clearance

· Excavation for Foundation

· Layout and foundation construction

· Plinth beam and DPC

· Soil filling and stabilization

SUPER STRUCTURE PORTION:-

· Plinth beam and floor

· Column Construction

· Slab and Beam shuttering

· Electrical connections

· Sanitary pipe laying

· Partition walls

· Plastering over wall and columns

· Door and window framing

· Exterior and interior paints

· Tile or marble flooring

· POP or Gypsum board Ceiling

· Wooden work

· Sanitary and electrical fixures

· Exterior safety structure

Let us Discuss about all these points in details:-

1) PRE CONSTRUCTION STEPS:-

SELECTION OF SITES:- This is the one of the most important factor on which our construction cost and flow depends:-

a) While selecting a site I would recommend you to first check that there should not be any dispute

b)Site should be located nearby to main city so that you won’t face any difficulty in material and labor deployment and it will also reduce your overall cost of construction.

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE: - After selection of proper site you should consult to a technical person so that:-

a) He/she can guide you in term of your design, preparation of plan, analyzing the feasibility of work, cost analysis and Quantity estimation.

b) Before meeting any technical person I would suggest you to first make a rougn plan by yourself enlisting what you need in your space for example ( no of bedrooms, guest room, Any porch, garage, garden or swimming pool as per your requirement)

ESTIMATION AND BUDGETS:- This is most important factor and every construction firm do this prior to start their work.

a) Building construction involve huge amount of expenditure these expenditure depends upon the type of construction and standard of living so choose wisely.

b) After planning and design completion we have to look for a building estimator in most of the case planning authority do this.

c) Budgeting basically deals with the estimation of detailed quantity of individual items and working cost from that.

SELECTION OF CONTRACTORS:- In general contractor are of two types:-

a) Labor contractor: - In this case they will liable to execute the work as plan and owner handle liability of material. It has its own benefits like on an average material cost is around 70% of project cost so if you keep material factor in your hand then you can reduce the cost but you have to manage all the material so in this case you can’t be free.

b) Material contractor:-In this case contractor is liable to material as well as labor so this basically reduce the owner’s headache but this has an disadvantage that you can’t control cost as much as you can in labor contract. On the other hand contractor will try to use cheap material in order to reduce his cost and increase profit so for that you need to over attentive.

2) DURING CONSTRUCTION PROCESS:-

SUB STRUCTURE PORTION:-

SITE CLEAREANCE: - Before starting any construction work, it becomes necessary to clear the place from the unwanted grass etc. in order to make land levelled.

EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATION: - Foundation is lowermost portion of building which distribute the superstructure weight to the surrounded soil. Foundation are of many types and used for a specific purpose listed below:-

Isolated footing

Combined footing

Pile Foundation

Raft foundation

Strip and strap footing

PLINTH BEAM AND FlOOR: - After the foundation work completed plinth beam construction work is carried in order to provide support to structure and to bind all column as a single unit.

Vacant area should be fill with sand in layer by layer and compacting each layer so that after floor casting it won’t settle

COLUMN CONSTRUCTION:- While constructing the column we should keep this factor in our mind:-

a) Column should be properly vertical it there should be no eccentricity in it.

b) While pouring concrete in column the height of dropping concrete should not be more than 1.5 meter as per IS recommendation in order to prevent segregation.

c) Proper curing should be there so that honeycomb cant form in concrete

d) Minimum cover to be use is 40mm so that reinforcement can be safe against weathering agencies.

BEAMS AND SLABS: - In most of the Cases these are casted monolithically.

Beams are the vertical or sloping bearing elements of the structural system that connect columns and support slabs. Beams are of many types like simply supported, Fixed, Cantilever or continuous beams

PARTITION WALL: - In case of frame structure which has combination of beams and slabs, the only purpose of construction of wall is to provide partition in structure they do not contribute anything in load transmit. Many types of partition walls are using in these days:-

· Brick Masonry walls

· Hollow Brick Masonry walls

· Light weight concrete partition walls

· Gypsum Board partition

· Aluminum Framing partition

PLASTERING: - plastering should be done after complete electric fittings, sanitary fittings. Majorly 12 to 20 mm thick Cement: sand (1:4) plaster is preferred.

a) It has basically two coat under coat and floating coat it provide good aesthetic look to the building and provide a levelled surface so that painting can also be done.

b) Cement plaster should be properly cured by water so that hydration process can last and loss of moisture can be controlled it ultimately help to prevent shrinkage cracking in plaster.

c) It also protect the structure from weathering agencies and act as a impermeable layer.

NOTE: - THESE ABOVE MENTIONED ARE THOSE POINTS WHICH EVERY CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES HAS APART FROM THAT INTERIORS, FURNISHING ETC DEPENDS UPON THE LIVING STANDARD.

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Construction of building, Its planning, Procedure and various steps involve in construction.

BASICS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:-

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